Carbide ndi malo ogulitsira othamanga kwambiri (HSM), omwe amapangidwa ndi mapangidwe a ufa wa ufa ndipo amakhala ndi carbide harbide (nthawi zambiri amaponya ma carbider a wc). Pakadali pano, pali mazana a ma carbides okhala ndi ma wc-mabizinesi osiyanasiyana, ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito cobalt (CO) kukhala Cobar (CO) ngati Babala, Nickel (r) amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. zinthu zina zokongola. Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani pali mafilimu ambiri oyenda? Kodi opanga zida zimasankha bwanji zida zoyenera zogwirira ntchito? Kuti tiyankhe mafunso awa, tiyeni tiwone kaye zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapanga kusamalira kusamalira zinthu zabwino.
Kuuma ndi Kuvuta
Carbide ya WC-CO imakhala ndi mwayi wapadera mu kuuma ndi kulimba. Cangsten Carbide (WC) ndiovuta kwambiri (zoposa za rombenum kapena alumina), ndipo kuuma kwake sikukuchepera kutentha kumawonjezeka. Komabe, zimasowa kulimba mtima, chinthu chofunikira chodulira zida. Kuti muthe kugwiritsa ntchito kuvuta kwa cangsten ndikuwongolera kuvuta kwake, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito zomangira zachitsulo kugwirizanitsa limodzi, kuti nkhaniyi ikhale yolimba kwambiri. kudula mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kupirira kutentha kwa kudula kwapamwamba komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi makina othamanga kwambiri.
Masiku ano, pafupifupi mipeni yonse ya WC ndi ma ntchentche ndi, motero gawo la mazikoli limawoneka lofunikira. Koma kwenikweni, ndi moduluka mokweza zinthu za WC-COF WC-COTRIX imaperekanso mphamvu yofunikira. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri za zopangira za WC-COC, koma zinthu zakuthupi zitha kukhalanso zogwirizana ndikusintha kapangidwe kazinthu ndi microstruction mukamatulutsa ufa wa carbidide. Chifukwa chake, kuyenera kwa chida chogwirira ntchito ku makina ena kumadalira kwakukulu pa njira yoyamba yoyambirira.
Njira Yophunzirira
Tungsten carbide ufa umapezeka ndi tungsten (W) ufa. Makhalidwe a cangsten carbide ufa (makamaka kukula kwake) makamaka kumadalira tinthu tambiri tomwe timasamba ndi kutentha ndi nthawi yachabe. Kuwongolera kwamankhwala kulinso kochititsa chidwi, ndipo zomwe zakhala za kaboni ziyenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse (pafupi ndi mtengo wa stoichiometric wa 6.13% ndi kulemera). Mlingo wocheperako wa vadium ndi / kapena chromium akhoza kuwonjezeredwa musanayambe kulandira mankhwalawo kuti athetse tinthu tating'onoting'ono kudzera mu njira zotsatira. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito zimafunikira kuphatikiza kwina kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi cangsten, zomwe zili mu Canmium, zomwe zili mu chngungu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ufa wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ikhale yosiyanasiyana imatha kupangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ATI AVLLYNE, wopanga ufa wa tungsten ufa, amapanga makeke ogwiritsa ntchito ufa wa tungsten, ndipo mitundu ya cangsten cangbide yopangidwa molingana ndi zinthu zopitilira 5 zomwe zimakhala ndi ufa wambiri.
Mukasakanikirana ndikupera ufa wa tungsten ndi chomangira chachitsulo kuti apange gawo lina la carbide ufa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi 3% - 25% (kuchuluka kwa kulemera), ndipo pofuna kuwonjezera kukana kwa chida cha chida, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera nickel ndi chromium. Kuphatikiza apo, bongo wachitsulo chitha kupitilizidwa powonjezera zigawo zina za Aloy. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera ruthenium to ru-carbide ya wc-cobide yotha kusintha kwakukulu popanda kuchepetsa kuuma kwake. Kuchulukitsa zomwe zimapezekanso kumatha kusintha kusabisi, koma kumachepetsa kuuma kwake.
Kuchepetsa kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono timene timagwiritsire ntchito kununkhira kumatha kukulira kwambiri nkhaniyo, koma kukula kwa cangsten kuyenera kukhalabe chimodzimodzi panthawi yochimwa. Panthawi yochimwa, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timaphatikizira ndikukula kudzera pakusungunuka ndi kusokonekera. Munjira yeniyeni yochimwa, kuti apange zinthu zowotchera kwathunthu, bongo wachitsulo limakhala madzi (otchedwa madzi chipongwe ochimwa). Kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakula kumatha kuwongolera powonjezera ma carbides ena achitsulo, kuphatikiza vanium carbide (vc), ch3c2), tanto), ndi NBC). Ma carbides achitsulo nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa pomwe ufa wa tungsten umasakanizidwa ndikusanjidwa ndi chomangira chachitsulo, ngakhale c celdium carbide ndi chromium carbide innso ufa wa tungsten umasungidwa.
Mphepo yamkuntho ya Tungsten imatha kupangidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zobwezerezedwanso. Kubwezeretsanso Carbider Carbide ali ndi mbiri yakale mu malonda ogulitsa magalimoto ndipo ndi gawo lofunikira pazampani yonseyi, kupulumutsa ndalama zachilengedwe ndikupewa zinyalala. Kutaya. Carrap ya carbide nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi apt (ammonium paratipstate) njira, kutembenuza njira yochiritsidwa kapena kuphwanya. Izi "zobwezerezedwanso" zobwezerezedwanso za Cangsten zimakhala bwino, zolosera chifukwa zimakhala ndi malo ochepa kuposa ma tungsten cangbide mapangidwe opangidwa mwachindunji kudzera munthawi ya misasa.
Zosintha za kupera kwa ziphuphu za tungsten cangbide ndi mgwirizano wachitsulo ndizofunikiranso magawo. Njira ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mipata ndi micromilling. Njira zonse ziwiri zimathandizira kusakanikirana kwa ufa wolocha ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa tinthu. Pofuna kupanga ntchito yolumikizidwa pambuyo pake kukhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira, kusunga mawonekedwe a ntchitoyi, ndikupangitsa wothandizira kapena kuyendetsa galimoto kuti atole ntchito yogwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunika kuwonjezera wowongolera nthawi yopukutira pakakupera. Kupangidwa kwa mankhwala kwa chomangirachi kumatha kumakhudza kachulukidwe ndi mphamvu ya ntchito yotsutsa. Kuti muthandizire kusamalira, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera nyonga yayikulu kwambiri, koma izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kachulukidwe kakang'ono ndipo imatulutsa zotupa zomwe zingayambitse zolakwika pazomaliza.
Pambuyo mphero, ufa nthawi zambiri umakhala utsi, wouma kuti utulutse ma agglomerates aulere omwe amakhala palimodzi ndi oundana. Mwa kusintha kapangidwe ka munyezi, kayendedwe kamene kali ndi kachulukidwe ka matendawa amatha kuphatikizidwa monga mukufuna. Mwa kuwunika makanema kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono, tinthu tating'onoting'ono togawidwa kwa agglomerate zitha kukhala zogwirizana kwambiri kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti ndibwino kuti musunthire bwino.
Kupanga Ntchito
Zojambulajambula za carbide zimatha kupangidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira. Kutengera ndi kukula kwa ntchito, kuchuluka kwa zovuta, ndipo ma batchini opanga, odulidwa kwambiri amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito apamwamba- komanso opanikizika kwambiri. Pofuna kukhalabe osasinthika kwa kulemera kwa ntchito ndi kukula kulikonse, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa ufa (misa ndi voliyumu) kumayenda mutsekeke chimodzimodzi. Madzi a ufa amalamuliridwa makamaka ndi kufalitsa kukula kwa ma agglomerates ndi zinthu za chowongoletsera. Zojambulajambula zopangidwa (kapena "zopanda pake") zimapangidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza kwa 10-80 ksi (ma kilogalamu pa phazi lodzaza) kupita kutsekeka kwa nkhungu.
Ngakhale mutapanikizika kwambiri, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatha kuwononga kapena kuphwanya, koma chonyowa chimakakamizidwa kulowa mkati mwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kupsinjika kwambiri, wowopa kuphatika kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka kapangidwe ka wogwira ntchito. Katundu wa magiredi a carbide ufa amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana, kutengera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndipo kuphatikiza kwa nthambi ya orgec. Pofuna kupereka chidziwitso chambiri chokhudza magawidwe a ufa wa carbide, ubale womwe wakati paungula ndi kukakamizidwa kumapangidwa ndikupangidwa ndi wopanga ufa. Chidziwitsochi chikuwonetsetsa kuti ufa womwe umaperekedwa umagwirizana ndi chidole cha wopanga.
Zovala zazikuluzikulu za carbider kapena carbidide okhala ndi gawo lalikulu (monga shanks a mill overs ndi kubowola) nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku maginiki ofanana a carbide ufa. Ngakhale kuyerekezera kwa njira yotsatsira moyenera ndikotalikirapo kuposa njira youmba, mtengo wopangidwa ndi chipangizocho ndi wotsika, kotero njirayi ndiyoyenera kupanga pang'ono.
Njira iyi ndikuyika ufa kulowa m'thumba, ndikusindikiza pakamwa, kenako ndikuyika chikwama chodzaza ndi ufa mu chipinda, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya 30-60ksi kudzera mu chipangizo cha Hydraulic kuti musindikize. Zojambulajambula zimapangidwa nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ku geometies isanachitike ochimwa. Kukula kwa thumba kumakulitsidwa kugwirizanitsa ntchito kugwirira ntchito nthawi yophatikiza komanso kuti apereke malire okwanira pakukupera. Popeza ntchito yogwira ntchito imayenera kukonzedwa pambuyo pokakamizidwa, zofuna za kuchulukana sizikhala zokhwima ngati njira yokhazikika ngati njira yofalitsira yomwe ija imakwezedwa mu thumba nthawi iliyonse. Ngati ndalama za kufalikira kwa ufa ndizochepa kwambiri, zitha kubweretsa ufa wokwanira m'thumba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito yocheperako komanso kuti ipangidwe. Ngati machulukidwe a ufa ndi okwera kwambiri, ndipo ufa utadzaza m'thumba ndi zochuluka kwambiri, zomwe ntchito imayenera kukonzedwa kuti ichotse ufa wowonjezereka ukasokonekera. Ngakhale ufa wowonjezereka wochotsedwa ndi wokutidwa ndi zojambulajambula amatha kubwezeretsedwanso, ndikuchepetsa zokolola.
Zovala za Carbide zimapangidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito polerera kapena jakisoni amamwalira. Njira youmba yolekanira ndi yoyenera kwambiri yopanga mawonekedwe a axisymmentric, pomwe mpweya wowumba umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovuta zovuta. Munjira zonse ziwiri zakuumba, makeke a ufa wa carbide umayimitsidwa mu chofunda chomwe chimapereka chosakanizira chotsuma chopangira cha carbide. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse imangotulutsa mdzenje kapena kulowetsedwa. Makhalidwe a kalasi ya carbide ufa umazindikira kuchuluka kwa ufa ku bander mu osakaniza
Ntchito yogwira ntchito imapangidwa ndi kuwumba, kuchepa kwa chipongwe, kuthamangira kapena kuwumba jakisoni, chophimba chimafunikira kuchotsedwa pamalonda omaliza. Kuchimwa kumachotsa chidwi chogwiritsira ntchito, ndikupangitsa kuti zitheke (kapena kwambiri) kwandiweyani. Panthawi yochimwa, chomangira chachitsulo chomwe chimapangidwa ndi makina amadzimadzi, koma ntchito yogwira ntchito imasunga mawonekedwe ake pansi pazinthu zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi zigawo za capillary ndi tinthu.
Pambuyo pa machimo, geometry yogwira ntchito idalibe chimodzimodzi, koma miyeso imachepetsedwa. Pofuna kupeza kukula kofunikira pambuyo pa kuchapa, kuchuluka kwa shring'ona kumafunikira kulinganiza chida. Gawo la ufa wa carbide kuti chitsimikiziro chilichonse chiyenera kupangidwa kuti chikhale ndi shrinkage cholondola mukakhala pansi pa kukakamizidwa koyenera.
Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, kuchiritsa pambuyo pa ntchito yolakwika ndikofunikira. Chithandizo choyambirira kwambiri cha zodula ndikuthamangitsa m'mphepete. Zida zambiri zimafunikira kukukuta kwa geometry yawo ndi miyeso pambuyo muchikunja. Zida zina zimafunikira pamwamba komanso pansi pokupera; Ena amafunikira kupera zopukutira (ndi kapena popanda kukulitsa m'mphepete). Ma tchipisi onse a carbidi a carbide okupera amatha kubwezeretsedwanso.
Ntchito Yopanga Ntchito
Nthawi zambiri, ntchito yomalizidwa imayenera kuphikidwa. Kuphimba kumapereka mphamvu za ulemereko komanso kulimba mtima, komanso chotchinga cha magawo gawo lapansi, kupewa makutidwe ndi maxidation mukamawonekera kutentha kwambiri. Phatikizani ya carbidi ya carbide ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwirira ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa kugwirizanitsa zinthu zazikulu za matrix ufa, malo omwe matrix amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndikusintha njira yochimwa. Kudzera mu kusamukira kwa cobalt, cobalt cobalt imatha kupatsidwa khungu lakunja kwa tsamba mkati mwa 20-30 μm ndi cholumikizira chambiri, potengera mphamvu, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yolimbana ndi kusinthika.
Kutengera ndi njira zawo zopanga (monga njira yotentha, kutentha kwa thupi, nthawi yochimwa, kutentha kwanyumba) Ena opanga zigawenga amatha kuchimwa ntchitoyo mu ng'anjo ya vacuum, pomwe ena amatha kugwiritsa ntchito makina owombera (m'chiuno) chopukutira chopachika (chomwe chimagwira ntchito yogwira ntchito kumapeto kwa ma pores). Zojambula zopangira ziweto zovutirapo mu ng'anjo ya vacuum imathanso kutentha kusindikizidwa mwa njira yowonjezera kuti muwonjezere kachulukidwe ka kasitomala. Opanga ena amagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa vacuuum yopanda tanthauzo kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kosakanikirana ndi zosakanikirana ndi mitengo ya cobabala, koma njirayi ingakulembereni micress. Pofuna kukhala ndi kukula kwa tirigu wabwino, ufa wokhala ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwa cangsten kungasankhidwe. Kuti mufanane ndi zida zapaderazo, mikhalidwe yowonongeka ndi magetsi otetezedwa ali ndi zofunikanso kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana za kaboni mu ufa wa carbide.
Gulu la kalasi
Kuphatikizika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ufa wa tungsten, zosakaniza zophatikizika ndi zitsulo zazitsulo, mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa magiredi ogulitsa. Magawo awa adzazindikira micrestructuction ya carbide yopanga ndi katundu wake. Kuphatikiza kwina kwa katundu kwakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito njira zina, ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zomveka kuti zilinganizo zosiyanasiyana za carbide.
Makina awiri ogwiritsira ntchito ma carbird omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu opangira makina ndi njira ya C ISSIS ndi Dongosolo la ISO. Ngakhale kuti sizimawonetsa bwino zinthu zomwe zingapangitse kusankha kwa ma carbide, zimapereka mfundo yoyambira kukambirana. Pa kagulu kalikonse, opanga ambiri ali ndi masukulu awo apadera, omwe amachititsa kuti magalimoto azikhala osiyanasiyana.
Carbide makede amathanso kutchulidwa ndi kapangidwe kake. Cangsten Carbide (WC) imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu yofunika: yosavuta, microcrystalline ndi yosangalatsa. Maphunziro osavuta ax amapezeka makamaka a cangsten Carbide ndi Cobatt Cobar, koma atha kukhala ndi zoletsa za tirigu. Kalasi ya Microcrystalline imapangidwa ndi tungsten Carbide ndi Cobat Shabar yowonjezera ndi zikwizikwi za Canadium Carbide (VC) ndi (kapena) Chromium Carbide (CR3C2), ndipo kukula kwake kumatha kufikira 1 μm kapena kuchepera. Alloy ma Crades amapangidwa ndi tungsten Carbide ndi Cobat Cebars omwe ali ndi carbidi ochepa a Titanium (Tic), Tiallum Carbide (Tac), ndi NBC). Kuphatikizanso kumadziwikanso kuti cubic carbicside chifukwa cha kuchimwa kwawo. Kutsatira microstruction imawonetsa mawonekedwe a ihomogeneous atatu.
1) Maphunziro osavuta a carbide
Maphunzirowa odulira zitsulo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi 3% mpaka 12% cobalt (mwa kulemera). Kukula kwamitundu yobiriwira kwa cangsten nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 1-8 μm. Monga magiredi ena, kuchepetsa tinthu kukula kwa cangsten carbiders kumawonjezera kuuma kwake ndikupangitsa mphamvu yakuvundikira (TRS), koma kumachepetsa mphamvu yake. Kuumitsa kwa mtundu wangwiro nthawi zambiri kumapezeka pakati pa Hra89-93.5; Mphamvu yobayira yamphamvu nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 175 -50ksi. Masamba awa amatha kukhala ndi zinthu zambiri zobwezerezedwanso.
Makulidwe osavuta amtunduwu amatha kugawidwa kukhala C1-C4 mu dongosolo la C g grad, ndipo amatha kutchulidwa malinga ndi k, n, s ndi h grade mndandanda dongosolo. Makina osavuta omwe ali pakati pazinthu zapakatikati amatha kutchulidwa kuti ndi olinganiza wamba (monga C2 kapena K20) ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuka, mphero, kunyamula; Makulidwe okhala ndi kukula kwa tirigu kapena kutsika kwa cobalt komanso kuuma kwakukulu kumatha kulembedwa kuti kumaliza maphunziro omaliza (monga C4 kapena K01); Makulani a tirigu okulirapo kapena kuchuluka kwa cobabala komanso kulimba kwabwinobwino kumatha kukhala olembedwa ngati ma grades (monga C1 kapena K30).
Zida zopangidwa m'makalasi osavutax zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popangira chitsulo, 200 ndi 300 mndandanda wachitsulo kapangidwe kake, aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zina zopanda mphamvu, superleluys ndi zitsulo zolimba. Maphunzirowa amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito posankha zitsulo (mwachitsanzo ngati zida zathanthwe (mwachitsanzo, ngati mwala wobowola wa robadi), ndipo magiredi awa ali ndi kukula kwa tirigu wa 1.5-10μm (kapena kwakukulu) ndi coby -16%. Kugwiritsanso ntchito kwa zitsulo zosavuta kwa magiredi osavuta kwa carbide akupanga mafayilo ndi nkhonya. Maphunzirowa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kukula kwa tirigu ndi mitengo ya cobabala ya 16% -30%.
(2) Microcrystalline yolumikizidwa ndi ma carbide
Maphunziro oterewa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi 6% -15% cobalt. Pa nthawi ya gawo la ochimwa, kuwonjezera kwa vanium carbide ndi / kapena chromium carbider kumatha kuwongolera tirigu kuti apeze tirigu wabwino ndi tinthu tambiri yochepera 1 μm. Kalasi yabwino kwambiri iyi ili ndi zovuta kwambiri komanso zovuta zobayira kuposa 500ksi. Kuphatikiza kwa mphamvu yayikulu komanso kulimba kokwanira kumalola kuti magiriki awa azigwiritsa ntchito njira zokulirapo, zomwe zimachepetsa kudula zidutswa ndikupanga tchipisi tambiri ndikudula zinthu zitsulo.
Kudzera muzindikiritso koyenera kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopangira makeke a carbide ufa wa carbide kuti mupewe mapangidwe a mbewu zazikulu mu microple, ndizotheka kupeza zinthu zoyenera. Pofuna kusunga tirigu yaying'ono ndi yunifolomu, yobwezeretsanso ufa yobwezerezedwanso ingogwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati pali njira yokwanira yopangira zinthu zosaphika ndi kuchira, komanso kuyezetsa kwabwino kwambiri.
Maphunziro a Microcrystalline amatha kutchulidwa malinga ndi mndandanda wa m glasi mu staid prode. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zina zogawika mgulu la c grade ndipo dongosolo la ISO ndilofanana ndi magiredi oyera. Maphunziro a Microcrystalline angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zida zodzipangira zida zofewa, chifukwa pamalo a chida amatha kupangidwa bwino kwambiri ndipo amatha kukhalabe ndi m'mphepete mwamphamvu kwambiri.
Maphunziro a Microcrystalline amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazithunzi za nickel-zochokera ku Sucrableys, chifukwa amatha kupirira kudula kutentha kwa 1200 ° C. Pakukonzekera sunralloys ndi zida zina zapadera, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamitundu yambiri komanso zida zoyera zokhala ndi Ruthenium zitha kusintha kuvala kwawo, kukana kwawo komanso kulimba mtima. Masukulu a Microcrystalline ndi oyeneranso kupanga zida zosinthana ndi zida zotsutsana monga momwe amapangira kupsinjika. Pali kubowola kopangidwa ndi magulu ophatikizira a carbide. M'magawo ena omwewo, cobati yomwe ili m'mawu amasiyanasiyana, kotero kuti kuuma ndi kulimba kwa kubowola kumakonzedwa malinga ndi zosowa.
(3) mtundu wa eloy wolunjika ma carbide
Maphunzirowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka podula zigawo zachitsulo, ndipo mitengo yawo ya cobabala imakhala 5% -10%, ndi kukula kwa tirigu kuchokera ku 0,8-2μm. Powonjezera 4% -25% titanium carbide (tic), chizolowezi cha cangsten carbide (WC) kuti muchepetse kumtunda kwa zitsamba zitsulo zitha kuchepetsedwa. Mphamvu Zachida, Zovala Zovala Zolimba ndi Mafuta owonda zimatha kusintha powonjezera 25% tantalum carbide (tac) ndi NBC). Kuphatikiza kwa Carbics oterewa kumawonjezeranso kuuma kofiyira kwa chida, kuthandizira kupewa kuphatikizika kwa chitsimikizo cha chida chodulira kapena zochitika zina pomwe m'mphepete mwake mumatulutsa kutentha kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, carbide carbide imatha kupereka masamba a zida zamitundu panthawi yochimwa, kukonza kufanana kwa magawidwe ogawidwa a cubic muzochita zojambula.
Nthawi zambiri, kulimba kwambiri kwa mitundu ya alloy, mtundu wa magiredi ya Carbide ndi HRA91-94, ndipo nyongolotsi zowonjezera ndi 150-300ksi. Poyerekeza ndi magiredi oyera, magiredi a Inoy samavala bwino kukana ndi kutsika kwambiri, koma amakhala ndi vuto lomatira. Alloy ma Crades amatha kugawidwa kukhala C5-C8 mu dongosolo la C Grad, ndipo amatha kutchulidwa malinga ndi p ndi m grade mu kalasi ya ISO. Alloy Cradies okhala ndi zapakatikati amatha kukhala olinganizidwa bwino (monga C6 kapena P30) ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuka, kuwomba ndi kugawanika, kuyimirira ndi mphero. Mapulogalamu ovuta kwambiri amatha kulembedwa kuti ndi mafilimu omaliza (monga C8 ndi P0 ndi P01) kuti mutsirize kusinthitsa ndi kugwira ntchito zopindulitsa. Maphunzirowa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zigawo zazing'onozing'ono zazing'ono komanso zotsika mtengo za cobalt kuti apeze zovuta zomwe zimafunikira komanso kuvala kukana. Komabe, katundu wofananawo amatha kupezeka powonjezera ma carbic ambiri a cubic. Maphunziro okhala ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri amatha kulembedwa ngati magiredi okhwima (mwachitsanzo C5 kapena P5). Maphunzirowa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kukula kwa tirigu komanso kuchuluka kwa cobabala, yokhala ndi zowonjezera zotsika za carbics kuti akwaniritse kukula komwe mukufuna poletsa kukula. Mu zinasokoneza kutembenuka, ntchito zodulira zimatha kupitilizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kasupe wotchulidwa pamwambapa yemwe ali ndi cobabalame apamwamba pa chipangizocho.
Alloy ma Crade omwe ali ndi miliri yotsika ya Titanium amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri komanso chitsulo chosapanga, koma amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zopanda mphamvu monga sucralloys. Kukula kwa njereyi kwa masikedwewa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepera 1 μm, ndipo mitengo ya cobal ndi 8% -12%. Maphunziro okhazikika, monga m10, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito posintha chitsulo; Motona, monga m40, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza ndi kuyika chitsulo, kapena potembenuza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena superalloys.
Alloy-mtundu woyimilira ma grades carbide amathanso kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazitsulo zosasunthika, makamaka popanga zigawo zosagwira. Kukula kwa masikedwe awa nthawi zambiri kumakhala 1.2-2 μm, ndipo cobalt zokhala ndi 7% -10%. Mukamapanga masukulu amenewa, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosaphika nthawi zambiri kumawonjezeredwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mitengo yambiri yotsika mtengo. Kuvala zigawo kumafuna kukana bwino kuwononga ndi kuuma kwambiri, komwe kumatha kupezeka powonjezera nickel ndi chromium carbide akamapanga maphunziro awa.
Kuti mukwaniritse zofunika zaukadaulo komanso zachuma zopanga zida, ufa wa carbide ndiye chinthu chofunikira. Mafuta opangidwa ndi zida zopanga zida zamakina ndi magawo a magwiridwe opanga amakonzekereratu zomwe zidamalizidwa ndipo zadzetsa maphunziro mazana ambiri a carting. Kubwezeretsanso chikhalidwe cha zida za carbide ndi kuthekera kogwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi ogulitsa a ufa amalola kuti opanga zigaweno azitha kuyendetsa bwino malonda ndi ndalama zawo.
Post Nthawi: Oct-18-2022
