The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), yomwe idasainidwa kukhala lamulo ndi Purezidenti Joe Biden pa Ogasiti 15, ili ndi ndalama zopitilira $369 biliyoni zomwe zikufuna kuthana ndi kusintha kwanyengo mzaka khumi zikubwerazi. Zambiri za phukusi la nyengo ndi kuchotsera msonkho kwa federal mpaka $ 7,500 pogula magalimoto amagetsi osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku North America.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kuchokera ku zolimbikitsa za EV zam'mbuyo ndikuti kuti muyenerere ngongole ya msonkho, ma EV amtsogolo sadzayenera kusonkhanitsidwa ku North America kokha, komanso kupangidwa kuchokera ku mabatire opangidwa m'nyumba kapena m'mayiko amalonda aulere. mgwirizano ndi US monga Canada ndi Mexico. Lamulo latsopanoli likufuna kulimbikitsa opanga magalimoto amagetsi kuti asinthe maunyolo awo kuchokera kumayiko omwe akutukuka kupita ku US, koma odziwa zamakampani akudabwa ngati kusinthaku kudzachitika m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, monga momwe oyang'anira amayembekezera, kapena ayi.
IRA imayika zoletsa pazinthu ziwiri zamabatire agalimoto yamagetsi: zida zawo, monga batri ndi ma electrode yogwira ntchito, ndi mchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zigawozo.
Kuyambira chaka chamawa, ma EV oyenerera adzafunika osachepera theka la magawo awo a batri kuti apangidwe ku North America, ndi 40% ya zida zopangira batire zomwe zimachokera ku US kapena mabwenzi ake ogulitsa. Pofika chaka cha 2028, chiwerengero chocheperako chidzawonjezeka chaka ndi chaka kufika 80% pazida zopangira batire ndi 100% pazigawo zina.
Ena opanga magalimoto, kuphatikiza Tesla ndi General Motors, ayamba kupanga mabatire awo m'mafakitale ku US ndi Canada. Mwachitsanzo, Tesla akupanga mtundu watsopano wa batri pamalo ake a Nevada omwe akuyenera kukhala otalikirapo kuposa omwe akutumizidwa pano kuchokera ku Japan. Kuphatikizika koyima kumeneku kungathandize opanga magalimoto amagetsi kupitilira kuyesa kwa batire la IRA. Koma vuto lenileni ndi komwe kampani imapeza zopangira mabatire.
Mabatire amagetsi amagetsi amapangidwa kuchokera ku nickel, cobalt ndi manganese (zinthu zazikulu zitatu za cathode), graphite (anode), lithiamu ndi mkuwa. Amadziwika kuti "akuluakulu asanu ndi limodzi" pamafakitale a batri, migodi ndi kukonza miyalayi imayang'aniridwa kwambiri ndi China, yomwe bungwe la Biden lidati ndi "gulu lachilendo lomwe lidakhudzidwa." Galimoto iliyonse yamagetsi yopangidwa pambuyo pa 2025 yomwe ili ndi zinthu zochokera ku China sichidzachotsedwa ku ngongole yamisonkho, malinga ndi IRA. Lamuloli limalemba ma minerals opitilira 30 a batri omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga.
Makampani aboma aku China ali ndi pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansi zopangira cobalt komanso zoposa 90 peresenti yamafuta a faifi tambala, manganese ndi ma graphite. "Mukagula mabatire kumakampani aku Japan ndi South Korea, monga momwe amachitira ambiri opanga magalimoto, pali mwayi wabwino kuti mabatire anu azikhala ndi zida zobwezeretsedwanso ku China," atero a Trent Mell, wamkulu wa Electra Battery Materials, kampani yaku Canada yomwe imagulitsa zinthu padziko lonse lapansi. kukonzedwa cobalt. Wopanga magalimoto amagetsi.
"Opanga magalimoto angafune kupanga magalimoto amagetsi ambiri kuti athe kulandira ngongole ya msonkho. Koma apeza kuti ogulitsa mabatire oyenerera? Pakalipano, opanga magalimoto alibe chochita, "atero Lewis Black, CEO wa Almonty Industries. Kampaniyo ndi m'modzi mwa ogulitsa angapo kunja kwa China a tungsten, mchere wina womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu anode ndi ma cathodes a mabatire ena amagetsi amagetsi kunja kwa China, kampaniyo idatero. (China imayang'anira 80% ya zinthu zonse zapadziko lapansi za tungsten). Migodi ya Almonty ndi njira ku Spain, Portugal ndi South Korea.
Kulamulira kwa China pazambiri zopangira mabatire ndi chifukwa cha zaka zambiri zaukali wa mfundo zaboma ndi ndalama - Kukayikira kwa Black kutha kubwerezedwanso m'maiko aku Western.
"Pazaka 30 zapitazi, China yapanga njira yabwino kwambiri yoperekera batire," adatero Black. "M'mayiko akumadzulo, kutsegula migodi yatsopano kapena yoyenga mafuta kungatenge zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kapena kuposerapo."
Mell of Electra Battery Materials adati kampani yake, yomwe kale inkadziwika kuti Cobalt First, ndi North America yokha yomwe imapanga cobalt pamabatire agalimoto yamagetsi. Kampaniyo imalandira cobalt yamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku mgodi wa Idaho ndipo ikumanga malo oyeretsera ku Ontario, Canada, omwe akuyembekezeka kuyamba kugwira ntchito kumayambiriro kwa 2023. Electra akumanga makina opangira nickel wachiwiri m'chigawo cha Canada ku Quebec.
"North America ilibe mphamvu yobwezeretsanso zida za batri. Koma ndikukhulupirira kuti bilu iyi ipangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zatsopano zogulira mabatire, ”adatero Meyer.
Tikumvetsetsa kuti mumakonda kuwongolera zomwe mumachita pa intaneti. Koma ndalama zotsatsa zimathandizira kuthandizira utolankhani wathu. Kuti muwerenge nkhani yathu yonse, chonde letsani ad blocker yanu. Thandizo lililonse lingakhale loyamikiridwa kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-31-2022
