Lamulo Lochepetsa Kukwera kwa Mitengo (IRA), lomwe linasainidwa ndi Purezidenti Joe Biden pa Ogasiti 15, lili ndi zinthu zoposa $369 biliyoni zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuthana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi. Gawo lalikulu la phukusi la nyengo ndi kuchotsera msonkho wa boma wa mpaka $7,500 pogula magalimoto osiyanasiyana amagetsi, kuphatikizapo magalimoto akale opangidwa ku North America.
Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi zolimbikitsira zamagalimoto amagetsi zakale ndikuti kuti ayenerere kulandira ngongole ya msonkho, magalimoto amtsogolo amagetsi sadzangofunika kupangidwa ku North America kokha, komanso adzapangidwa kuchokera ku mapangano a mabatire opangidwa mdziko muno kapena m'maiko ogulitsa mwaulere ndi US monga Canada ndi Mexico. Lamulo latsopanoli cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa opanga magalimoto amagetsi kuti asamutse unyolo wawo wopereka kuchokera kumayiko osatukuka kupita ku US, koma anthu amkati mwa makampani akudabwa ngati kusinthaku kudzachitika m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, monga momwe boma likuyembekezerera, kapena ayi konse.
Bungwe la IRA limaletsa zinthu ziwiri zokhudzana ndi mabatire amagetsi: zigawo zake, monga zinthu zogwirira ntchito za batri ndi ma electrode, ndi mchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zigawozo.
Kuyambira chaka chamawa, magalimoto oyenerera a EV adzafunika osachepera theka la zida zawo za batri kuti zipangidwe ku North America, ndipo 40% ya zida zopangira batri zimachokera ku US kapena ogwirizana nawo malonda. Pofika chaka cha 2028, kuchuluka kocheperako kofunikira kudzawonjezeka chaka ndi chaka kufika pa 80% ya zida zopangira batri ndi 100% ya zida zopangira.
Makampani ena opanga magalimoto, kuphatikizapo Tesla ndi General Motors, ayamba kupanga mabatire awoawo m'mafakitale ku US ndi Canada. Mwachitsanzo, Tesla ikupanga mtundu watsopano wa batire ku fakitale yake ya Nevada yomwe ikuyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali kuposa yomwe imatumizidwa kuchokera ku Japan pano. Kuphatikiza koyima kumeneku kungathandize opanga magalimoto amagetsi kuti adutse mayeso a batire ya IRA. Koma vuto lenileni ndilakuti kampaniyo imapeza kuti zinthu zopangira mabatirezo.
Mabatire amagetsi a magalimoto nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi nickel, cobalt ndi manganese (zinthu zitatu zazikulu za cathode), graphite (anode), lithiamu ndi mkuwa. Wodziwika kuti ndi "zazikulu zisanu ndi chimodzi" zamakampani a mabatire, migodi ndi kukonza mcherewu kumayendetsedwa kwambiri ndi China, zomwe boma la Biden lazitcha "gulu lakunja lokhudzidwa." Galimoto iliyonse yamagetsi yopangidwa pambuyo pa 2025 yomwe ili ndi zinthu zochokera ku China idzachotsedwa mu ngongole ya msonkho ya boma, malinga ndi IRA. Lamuloli limalemba mchere woposa 30 wa mabatire womwe umakwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga.
Makampani aboma aku China ali ndi pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya ntchito zokonza cobalt padziko lonse lapansi komanso zoposa 90 peresenti ya mafakitale oyeretsera nickel, manganese ndi graphite. "Ngati mugula mabatire kuchokera kumakampani aku Japan ndi South Korea, monga momwe opanga magalimoto ambiri amachitira, pali mwayi waukulu kuti mabatire anu ali ndi zinthu zobwezerezedwanso ku China," adatero Trent Mell, mkulu wa Electra Battery Materials, kampani yaku Canada yomwe imagulitsa zinthu za cobalt zokonzedwa padziko lonse lapansi.
"Opanga magalimoto angafune kuti magalimoto ambiri amagetsi akhale oyenerera kulandira ngongole ya msonkho. Koma kodi angapeze kuti ogulitsa mabatire oyenerera? Pakadali pano, opanga magalimoto alibe chochita," adatero Lewis Black, CEO wa Almonty Industries. Kampaniyo ndi imodzi mwa ogulitsa angapo kunja kwa China a tungsten, mchere wina womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu anode ndi cathodes zamabatire ena amagetsi amagetsi kunja kwa China, kampaniyo idatero. (China imayang'anira zoposa 80% ya magetsi a tungsten padziko lonse lapansi). Migodi ndi njira za Almonty ku Spain, Portugal ndi South Korea.
Kulamulira kwa China pa zinthu zopangira mabatire kwachitika chifukwa cha zaka zambiri za ndondomeko za boma komanso ndalama zomwe boma laika patsogolo - kukayikira kwa anthu akuda kungabwerezedwe mosavuta m'maiko akumadzulo.
"M'zaka 30 zapitazi, China yapanga unyolo wopereka zinthu zopangira batire wothandiza kwambiri," adatero Black. "M'mayiko akumadzulo, kutsegula malo atsopano opangira migodi kapena mafuta kungatenge zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kapena kuposerapo."
Kampani ya Electra Battery Materials inati kampani yake, yomwe kale inkadziwika kuti Cobalt First, ndiyo yokhayo ku North America yomwe imapanga cobalt ya mabatire amagetsi. Kampaniyo imalandira cobalt yosaphikidwa kuchokera ku mgodi wa Idaho ndipo ikumanga fakitale yoyeretsera zinthu ku Ontario, Canada, yomwe ikuyembekezeka kuyamba kugwira ntchito kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2023. Electra ikumanga fakitale yachiwiri yoyeretsera zinthu ya nickel m'chigawo cha Canada cha Quebec.
"North America ilibe mphamvu zobwezeretsanso zinthu za batri. Koma ndikukhulupirira kuti lamuloli lilimbikitsa ndalama zatsopano mu unyolo wopereka mabatire," adatero Meyer.
Tikumvetsa kuti mumakonda kulamulira zomwe mumachita pa intaneti. Koma ndalama zotsatsa zimathandiza kuthandizira utolankhani wathu. Kuti muwerenge nkhani yathu yonse, chonde lekani choletsa malonda anu. Thandizo lililonse lidzayamikiridwa kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-31-2022
