Zida zodulira simenti za carbide, makamaka zida za carbide zokhala ndi indexable, ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zama makina a CNC. Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1980, zida za carbide zolimba komanso zowoneka bwino zakula m'magawo osiyanasiyana a zida zodulira. Zina mwa izi, zida za carbide zokhala ndi indexable zasintha kuchokera ku zida zosavuta zotembenuza ndi zodula kumaso kuti ziphatikizepo zida zambiri zolondola, zovuta, komanso zopangira.
(1) Mitundu ya Zida za Simenti za Carbide
Kutengera ndi kapangidwe kawo kake, ma carbides opangidwa ndi simenti amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: tungsten carbide-based cemented carbides ndi titanium carbonitride (TiC(N)) -based cemented carbide.
Ma carbide opangidwa ndi tungsten carbide amaphatikizapo mitundu itatu:
Tungsten-cobalt (YG)
Tungsten-cobalt-titaniyamu (YT)
Omwe ali ndi ma carbides owonjezera (YW)
Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi ubwino wake ndi zovuta zake. Zigawo zazikuluzikulu ndi tungsten carbide (WC), titanium carbide (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC), niobium carbide (NbC), ndi zina, ndi cobalt (Co) kukhala zitsulo zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Titanium carbonitride-based cemented carbides amapangidwa makamaka ndi TiC, ndi mitundu ina kuphatikiza ma carbides owonjezera kapena nitrides. Zomangira zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi molybdenum (Mo) ndi faifi tambala (Ni).
International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) imayika ma carbide olimba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula m'magulu atatu:
K kalasi (K10 mpaka K40): Lofanana ndi kalasi ya YG yaku China (makamaka WC-Co).
P kalasi (P01 mpaka P50): Yofanana ndi kalasi ya YT yaku China (makamaka WC-TiC-Co).
M kalasi (M10 mpaka M40): Lofanana ndi kalasi ya YW yaku China (makamaka WC-TiC-TaC(NbC)-Co).
Gulu lililonse limadziwika ndi manambala kuyambira 01 mpaka 50, kuyimira kuchuluka kwa ma aloyi kuchokera ku kulimba kwambiri mpaka kulimba kwambiri.
(2) Makhalidwe Ogwira Ntchito a Cemented Carbide Tools
① Kulimba Kwambiri
Zida za simenti za carbide zimapangidwa kudzera muzitsulo za ufa, kuphatikiza ma carbides okhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu ndi malo osungunuka (otchedwa gawo lolimba) ndi zomangira zitsulo (zomwe zimatchedwa gawo lomangira). Kulimba kwawo kumayambira pa 89 mpaka 93 HRA, kupitirira kwambiri chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri. Pa 540 ° C, kuuma kwawo kumakhalabe pakati pa 82 ndi 87 HRA, poyerekeza ndi kuuma kwa chipinda-kutentha kwazitsulo zothamanga kwambiri (83-86 HRA). Kuuma kwa simenti ya carbide kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu, kuchuluka, ndi kukula kwa mbewu za carbides, komanso zomwe zili mugawo lomangira zitsulo. Nthawi zambiri, kuuma kumachepa pomwe gawo lachitsulo chomangira likuwonjezeka. Pazinthu zomwezo zomangirira, ma aloyi a YT amawonetsa kulimba kwambiri kuposa ma aloyi a YG, ndipo ma aloyi okhala ndi TaC kapena NbC owonjezera amapereka kuuma kwapamwamba kwambiri.
② Kupindika Mphamvu ndi Kulimba
Mphamvu yopindika ya ma carbides omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amayambira 900 mpaka 1500 MPa. Zomwe zili mugawo lazitsulo zomangirira zimabweretsa mphamvu yopindika. Zinthu zomangira zikakhala zofananira, ma aloyi a YG (WC-Co) amawonetsa mphamvu zambiri kuposa ma aloyi a YT (WC-TiC-Co), mphamvu zimachepera pamene TiC imachulukira. Carbide yokhala ndi simenti ndi chinthu chophwanyika, ndipo kulimba kwake kutentha ndi 1/30 mpaka 1/8 yachitsulo chothamanga kwambiri.
(3) Mapulogalamu a Common Cemented Carbide Tools
Ma Aloyi a YG:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zitsulo zopanda chitsulo, komanso zinthu zopanda zitsulo. Ma carbides okongoletsedwa bwino (monga, YG3X, YG6X) amapereka kulimba kwambiri komanso kukana kuvala kuposa mitundu yapakatikati yokhala ndi cobalt yomweyo. Izi ndizoyenera kukonza zida zapadera monga chitsulo cholimba, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic, ma aloyi osatentha, ma aloyi a titaniyamu, mkuwa wolimba, ndi zida zotsekera zosavala.
YT Aloyi:Zodziwika chifukwa cha kuuma kwawo kwakukulu, kukana kutentha kwambiri, komanso kulimba kwapamwamba komanso kulimba kwamphamvu pakutentha kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma aloyi a YG, komanso kukana bwino kwa okosijeni. Zida zikafuna kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana kuvala, magiredi okhala ndi TiC apamwamba amalimbikitsidwa. Ma aloyi a YT ndi abwino kupanga zida zapulasitiki ngati zitsulo koma sizoyenera ma aloyi a titaniyamu kapena ma aloyi a silicon-aluminium.
YW Aloyi:Phatikizani katundu wa YG ndi YT alloys, ndikupereka magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri. Zimakhala zosunthika ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo, chitsulo chosungunuka, ndi zitsulo zopanda chitsulo. Pakuchulukirachulukira koyenera kwa cobalt, ma aloyi a YW amatha kukhala amphamvu kwambiri, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera kupanga makina ovuta komanso kudula kosokoneza kwa zida zosiyanasiyana zovuta kupanga.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-29-2025
