Chikondwerero cha Boti la Chinjoka

TheChikondwerero cha Boti la Chinjoka(Chitchaina chosavuta: 端午节;Chitchaina chachikhalidwe: 端午節) ndi tchuthi chachikhalidwe cha ku China chomwe chimachitika pa tsiku lachisanu la mwezi wachisanu waKalendala ya Chitchaina, zomwe zikufanana ndi kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena Juni muKalendala ya Gregory.

Dzina la tchuthi la Chingerezi ndiChikondwerero cha Boti la Chinjoka, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kumasulira kovomerezeka kwa tchuthichi m'Chingerezi ndi People's Republic of China. M'mabuku ena achingerezi imatchulidwanso kutiChikondwerero Chachiwiri Chachisanuzomwe zimatanthauza tsikuli monga momwe zilili ndi dzina loyambirira la Chitchaina.

Mayina achi China malinga ndi chigawo

Duanwu(Chitchaina: 端午;pinyin:duānwǔ), monga momwe chikondwererochi chimatchulidwira muChimandarini cha Chitchaina, kwenikweni amatanthauza “kavalo woyambira/wotsegulira”, mwachitsanzo, “tsiku loyamba la kavalo” (malinga ndiZodiac yaku China/Kalendala ya Chitchainadongosolo) kuti lichitike pamwezi; komabe, ngakhale tanthauzo lenileni litakhalawǔ, “[tsiku la] kavalo m’kayendedwe ka nyama”, khalidweli latanthauzidwanso mofanana ngatiwǔ(Chitchaina: 五;pinyin:wǔ) kutanthauza “zisanu”. Chifukwa chakeDuanwu, “chikondwerero cha tsiku lachisanu la mwezi wachisanu”.

Dzina lachi Mandarin Chinese la chikondwererochi ndi "端午節" (Chitchaina chosavuta: 端午节;Chitchaina chachikhalidwe: 端午節;pinyin:Duānwǔjié;Wade–Giles:Tuan Wu chieh) muChinandiTaiwan, ndi "Chikondwerero cha Tuen Ng" cha Hong Kong, Macao, Malaysia ndi Singapore.

Imatchulidwa mosiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyanaZilankhulo za ChitchainaMuChi Cantonese, ndiromanizedmongaLachiwiri¹Ng⁵Jit³ku Hong Kong ndiTung¹Ng⁵Jit³ku Macau. Chifukwa chake "Chikondwerero cha Tuen Ng" ku Hong KongTun Ng(Chikondwerero cha Barco-Dragãomu Chipwitikizi) mu Chimacao.

Chiyambi

Mwezi wachisanu umaonedwa kuti ndi mwezi wopanda mwayi. Anthu ankakhulupirira kuti masoka achilengedwe ndi matenda zimachitika kawirikawiri mwezi wachisanu. Pofuna kuchotsa tsokali, anthu ankaika calamus, Artemisia, maluwa a pomegranate, Chinese ixora ndi adyo pamwamba pa zitseko pa tsiku lachisanu la mwezi wachisanu.^{[kufunikira kwa mawu]}Popeza mawonekedwe a calamus amaoneka ngati lupanga ndipo ali ndi fungo lamphamvu la adyo, amakhulupirira kuti amatha kuchotsa mizimu yoyipa.

Kufotokozera kwina kwa chiyambi cha Chikondwerero cha Boti la Chinjoka kumachokera ku ulamuliro wa Qin (221–206 BC) usanayambe. Mwezi wachisanu wa kalendala ya mwezi unkaonedwa ngati mwezi woipa ndipo tsiku lachisanu la mwezi linali tsiku loipa. Zinyama za poizoni zinkaoneka kuyambira tsiku lachisanu la mwezi wachisanu, monga njoka, nthiwatiwa, ndi zinkhanira; anthu amanenanso kuti amadwala mosavuta pambuyo pa tsikuli. Chifukwa chake, pa Chikondwerero cha Boti la Chinjoka, anthu amayesetsa kupewa tsoka ili. Mwachitsanzo, anthu amatha kuyika zithunzi za zamoyo zisanu zakupha pakhoma ndikuziyika singano. Anthu amathanso kupanga mapepala odulira za zamoyo zisanu ndikuzikulunga m'manja mwa ana awo. Miyambo ikuluikulu ndi zisudzo zinayamba kuchokera ku machitidwe awa m'madera ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa Chikondwerero cha Boti la Chinjoka kukhala tsiku lochotsera matenda ndi tsoka.

Ndi Yuan

Nkhani yodziwika bwino ku China yamakono imanena kuti chikondwererochi chimakumbukira imfa ya wolemba ndakatulo ndi mtumikiNdi Yuan(pafupifupi 340–278 BC) yaboma lakaleyaChupanthawi yaNthawi ya Nkhondo za MayikozaUfumu wa Zhou. M'modzi mwa ophunzira a cadet aNyumba yachifumu ya Chu, Qu ankagwira ntchito m'maudindo akuluakulu. Komabe, pamene mfumu inaganiza zogwirizana ndi boma lomwe linkakula mphamvu laQinQu anathamangitsidwa chifukwa chotsutsa mgwirizanowu komanso anaimbidwa mlandu woukira boma. Ali ku ukapolo, Qu Yuan analemba zambiri zokhudzandakatuloPatatha zaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu, Qin analandaYing, likulu la Chu. Potaya mtima, Qu Yuan anadzipha podzimira m'madziMtsinje wa Miluo.

Akuti anthu am'deralo, omwe ankamukonda, anathamanga m'mabwato awo kuti akamupulumutse, kapena kuti akatenge mtembo wake. Akuti ichi chinali chiyambi chamipikisano ya maboti a chinjokaPamene thupi lake silinapezeke, anaponya mipira yampunga womatamumtsinje kuti nsomba zidye nsombazo m'malo mwa thupi la Qu Yuan. Izi zikunenedwa kuti ndi chiyambi chazongzi.

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, Qu Yuan anayamba kuonedwa ngati “wolemba ndakatulo woyamba ku China wokonda dziko lake.” Lingaliro la malingaliro a Qu okhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso kukonda dziko lake kosasinthika linakhala lovomerezeka pansi pa People's Republic of China pambuyo pa 1949.Kupambana kwa Chikomyunizimu mu Nkhondo Yachiweniweni ya ku China.

Wu Zixu

Ngakhale kuti chiphunzitso cha chiyambi cha Qu Yuan chatchuka masiku ano, m'dera lakale laUfumu wa Wuchikondwerero chokumbukiraWu Zixu(anamwalira mu 484 BC), Nduna ya Wu.Xi Shi, mkazi wokongola wotumizidwa ndi MfumuGoujianzaboma la Yue, anakondedwa kwambiri ndi KingFuchaiza Wu. Wu Zixu, ataona chiwembu choopsa cha Goujian, anachenjeza Fuchai, yemwe anakwiya ndi mawu awa. Wu Zixu anakakamizidwa kudzipha ndi Fuchai, ndipo mtembo wake unaponyedwa mumtsinje pa tsiku lachisanu la mwezi wachisanu. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, m'malo mongaSuzhou, Wu Zixu amakumbukiridwa pa Chikondwerero cha Boti la Chinjoka.

Zinthu zitatu zomwe zimachitika kwambiri pa Chikondwerero cha Boti la Chinjoka ndi kudya (ndi kukonzekera)zongzikumwavinyo wa realgarndi mpikisanomaboti a chinjoka.

Mpikisano wa bwato la chinjoka

Mpikisano wa maboti a chinjoka uli ndi mbiri yakale ya miyambo yakale komanso miyambo, yomwe inayamba kum'mwera kwa China pakati pa zaka zoposa 2500 zapitazo. Nthanoyi imayamba ndi nkhani ya Qu Yuan, yemwe anali nduna mu imodzi mwa maboma ankhondo, Chu. Ananyozedwa ndi akuluakulu aboma ansanje ndipo anathamangitsidwa ndi mfumu. Chifukwa chokhumudwa ndi mfumu ya Chu, anadzimira mu Mtsinje wa Miluo. Anthu wamba anathamangira kumadzi ndikuyesera kubweza thupi lake. Pokumbukira Qu Yuan, anthu amachita mpikisano wa maboti a chinjoka chaka chilichonse patsiku la imfa yake malinga ndi nthano. Anamwazanso mpunga m'madzi kuti adyetse nsomba, kuti asadye thupi la Qu Yuan, lomwe ndi limodzi mwa magwero azongzi.

Zongzi (madumpling a mpunga achi China)

Gawo lodziwika bwino pokondwerera Chikondwerero cha Boti la Dragon ndi kupanga ndi kudya zongzi ndi achibale ndi abwenzi. Anthu nthawi zambiri amakulunga zongzi m'masamba a bango, nsungwi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale ngati piramidi. Masambawa amaperekanso fungo lapadera ndi kukoma kwa mpunga womata ndi zodzaza. Kusankha zodzaza kumasiyana malinga ndi madera. Madera akumpoto ku China amakonda zongzi zotsekemera kapena zokometsera, zokhala ndi phala la nyemba, jujube, ndi mtedza ngati zodzaza. Madera akum'mwera ku China amakonda zongzi zokoma, zokhala ndi zodzaza zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo mimba ya nkhumba yokazinga, soseji, ndi mazira a bakha opaka mchere.

Zongzi anaonekera Nyengo ya Spring ndi Autumn isanafike ndipo poyamba ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kulambira makolo ndi milungu; mu Ufumu wa Jin, Zongzi inakhala chakudya chachikondwerero cha Chikondwerero cha Mabwato a Chinjoka. Ufumu wa Jin, ma dumplings adasankhidwa mwalamulo kukhala chakudya cha Chikondwerero cha Mabwato a Chinjoka. Panthawiyi, kuwonjezera pa mpunga wokoma, zinthu zopangira zongzi zimawonjezedwanso ndi mankhwala aku China a Yizhiren. Zongzi yophikidwayo imatchedwa "yizhi zong".

Chifukwa chomwe anthu aku China amadyera zongzi pa tsiku lapaderali chili ndi mawu ambiri. Baibulo lachikhalidwe ndi loti achite mwambo wokumbukira Quyuan. Ngakhale kuti Zongzi wakhala akuonedwa ngati nsembe ya kholo lawo ngakhale nthawi ya Chunqiu isanafike. Kuyambira nthawi ya mafumu a Jin, Zongzi anakhala chakudya cha chikondwerero ndipo anakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali mpaka pano.

Masiku a bwato la Chinjoka kuyambira pa 3 mpaka 5 June 2022. HUAXIN CARBIDE ikufunirani aliyense tchuthi chabwino!