Kota yatha, Unduna wa Zamalonda, mogwirizana ndi General Administration of Customs, udapereka chilengezo chogwirizana kuti chiteteze chitetezo cha dziko ndi zokonda zake ndikukwaniritsa maudindo apadziko lonse lapansi osafalikira. Ndi chivomerezo cha State Council, njira zokhwima zowongolera zotumiza kunja zakhazikitsidwa pazinthu zokhudzana ndi tungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum, ndi indium. Makamaka, zida zoyendetsedwa ndi tungsten zimaphatikizapo ammonium paratungstate, tungsten oxides, ma tungsten carbides osalamuliridwa, mitundu ina ya tungsten yolimba (kupatula ma granules kapena ufa), chitsulo cha tungsten-nickel-iron kapena tungsten-nickel-copper alloys, ndi data ndi matekinoloje ofunikira (1C00 code) 1C117.c, 1C117.d). Onse ogwira ntchito zotumizira zinthuzi akuyenera kutsatira Lamulo Loyang'anira Mauthenga Akunja a People's Republic of China ndi Regulations on the Export Control of Dual-Use Items, kufunsira ndi kulandira zilolezo kuchokera kwa akuluakulu odziwa zamalonda a Bungwe la State. Chilengezochi chikuyamba kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndikusintha Mndandanda Woyang'anira Kutumiza Kwazinthu Zapawiri za People's Republic of China.
I. Zinthu Zogwirizana ndi Tungsten
- 1C117.d. Zogwirizana ndi Tungsten:
- Ammonium paratungstate (HS Code: 2841801000);
- Tungsten oxides (HS Codes: 2825901200, 2825901910, 2825901920);
- Tungsten carbides osayendetsedwa pansi pa 1C226 (HS Code: 2849902000).
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- 1C117.c. Tungsten Yokhazikika Yokhala Ndi Makhalidwe Otsatirawa:
- Tungsten yolimba (kupatula ma granules kapena ufa) yokhala ndi izi:
- Tungsten kapena tungsten aloyi okhala ndi tungsten okhutira ≥97% ndi kulemera, osalamulidwa pansi pa 1C226 kapena 1C241 (HS Codes: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- Ma aloyi a Tungsten-mkuwa okhala ndi tungsten ≥80% polemera (HS Codes: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- Ma aloyi a Tungsten-silver okhala ndi tungsten ≥80% ndi zinthu zasiliva ≥2% polemera (HS Codes: 7106919001, 7106929001);
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- Ikhoza kupangidwa mwazinthu izi:
- Masilinda okhala ndi m'mimba mwake ≥120 mm ndi kutalika ≥50 mm;
- Machubu okhala ndi m'mimba mwake ≥65 mm, makulidwe a khoma ≥25 mm, ndi kutalika ≥50 mm;
- midadada ndi miyeso ≥120 mm × 120 mm × 50 mm.
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- 1C004. Tungsten-Nickel-Iron kapena Tungsten-Nickel-Copper Alloys Ali ndi Makhalidwe Otsatirawa:
- Kachulukidwe > 17.5 g/cm³;
- Zokolola mphamvu> 800 MPa;
- Mtheradi wamakani mphamvu> 1270 MPa;
- Elongation >8% (HS Codes: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001).
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- 1E004, 1E101.b. Technologies ndi Data popanga zinthu pansi pa 1C004, 1C117.c, 1C117.d (kuphatikiza ndondomeko, magawo, ndi mapulogalamu a makina).
II. Zinthu Zogwirizana ndi Tellurium
- 6C002.a. Metallic Tellurium (HS Code: 2804500001).
- 6C002.b. Single kapena Polycrystalline Tellurium Compound Products (kuphatikiza magawo apansi kapena ma epitaxial wafers):
- Cadmium telluride (HS Codes: 2842902000, 3818009021);
- Cadmium zinc telluride (HS Codes: 2842909025, 3818009021);
- Mercury cadmium telluride (HS Codes: 2852100010, 3818009021).
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- 6E002. Technologies ndi Data popanga zinthu pansi pa 6C002 (kuphatikiza ndondomeko, magawo, ndi mapulogalamu a makina).
III. Zinthu Zogwirizana ndi Bismuth
- 6C001.a. Metallic Bismuth ndi Zogulitsa zomwe siziwongoleredwa pansi pa 1C229, kuphatikiza koma osalekeza ku ingots, midadada, mikanda, ma granules, ndi ufa (HS Codes: 8106101091, 8106101092, 810610801090, 810610801090, 8106901029, 8106901099, 8106909090).
- 6C001.b. Bismuth Germanate (HS Code: 2841900041).
- 6C001.c. Triphenylbismuth (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 6C001.d. Tris(p-ethoxyphenyl)bismuth (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 6E001. Technologies ndi Data popanga zinthu pansi pa 6C001 (kuphatikiza ndondomeko, magawo, ndi mapulogalamu a makina).
IV. Zinthu Zogwirizana ndi Molybdenum
- 1C117.b. Molybdenum Powder: Molybdenum ndi alloy particles okhala ndi molybdenum ≥97% ndi kulemera ndi kukula kwa tinthu ≤50×10⁻⁶ m (50 μm), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida za missile (HS Code: 8102100001).
- 1E101.b. Technologies ndi Data popanga zinthu pansi pa 1C117.b (kuphatikiza ndondomeko ya ndondomeko, magawo, ndi mapulogalamu a makina).
V. Zinthu Zogwirizana ndi Indium
- 3C004.a. Indium Phosphide (HS Code: 2853904051).
- 3C004.b. Trimethylidium (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 3C004.c. Triethylindium (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 3E004. Technologies ndi Data popanga zinthu pansi pa 3C004 (kuphatikiza ndondomeko, magawo, ndi mapulogalamu a makina).
Kuwongolera Kutumiza kwa Tungsten Sikuletsa Kwambiri
Kuwongolera kutulutsa kwa Tungsten sikukutanthauza kuletsa kwathunthu kutumiza kunja koma kumaphatikizapo njira zoyendetsera zinthu zinazake zokhudzana ndi tungsten. Ogulitsa kunja kwa zinthuzi akuyenera kufunsira zilolezo kuchokera kwa akuluakulu odziwa zamalonda a Bungwe la State Council motsatira Lamulo la Kutumiza Kutumiza kunja ndi Malamulo okhudza Kutumiza kwa Zinthu Ziwiri. Kutumiza kunja kumaloledwa pokhapokha mutatsatira ndi kuvomereza.
Zomwe Zingachitike Pamsika Wanyumba
Malinga ndi data yochokera ku Tungsten-Molybdenum Cloud Commerce Platform, kutumiza kunja kwa ammonium paratungstate (APT), tungsten trioxide, ndi akaunti ya tungsten carbide pagawo lodziwika bwino lazogulitsa za tungsten:
- Kutumiza kunja kwa APT mu 2023 ndi 2024 kunali pafupifupi matani 803 ndi matani 782, motsatana, chilichonse chinali pafupifupi 4% yazogulitsa zonse za tungsten.
- Kutumiza kunja kwa Tungsten trioxide kunali pafupifupi matani 2,699 mu 2023 ndi matani 3,190 mu 2024, kukwera kuchokera 14% mpaka 17% yazogulitsa kunja.
- Kutumiza kwa Tungsten carbide kunali pafupifupi matani 4,433 mu 2023 ndi matani 4,147 mu 2024, ndikusunga gawo pafupifupi 22%.
Kukhazikitsa malamulo oyendetsera katundu wa tungsten kudzachititsa kuti zinthuzi zisamayende bwino komanso zivomerezedwe, zomwe zingasokoneze ntchito za ogulitsa ena. Komabe, poganizira gawo lochepa la zinthu zolamulidwazi pazambiri zotumizidwa kunja, kukhudzidwa konse kwa msika wapanyumba wa tungsten pakufunika kofunikira komanso mayendedwe amitengo akuyembekezeka kukhala ochepa. Ndondomekoyi ikhoza kulimbikitsanso mabizinesi kuti azingoyang'ana kwambiri zaukadaulo komanso mtundu wazinthu kuti akwaniritse bwino zomwe msika wapakhomo ndi wapadziko lonse lapansi umafuna.
Strategic Kufunika kwa Tungsten
Malo osungunuka kwambiri a Tungsten, kuuma, kuwongolera, komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale apadziko lonse lapansi. Pakupanga zitsulo, tungsten imawonjezera mphamvu, kulimba, ndi kukana kuvala, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina ndi zomangamanga. Mu zamagetsi, ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha zigawo zikuluzikulu, Integrated dera kutsogolera, ndi filaments chikhalidwe. Muzamlengalenga, ma aloyi a tungsten ndi ofunikira pamasamba a injini ndi ma rocket nozzles, kuthandizira kufufuza malo. Zankhondo, ma aloyi a tungsten ndi ofunikira pakuboola zida zankhondo, zida zankhondo, ndi zida zankhondo, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji kuthekera kwachitetezo cha dziko. Kuonetsetsa kuti malo okhazikika a tungsten am'nyumba ndizofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo cha dziko.
Zotsatira Zanthawi Yaifupi ndi Yaitali
M'kanthawi kochepa, zowongolera zogulitsa kunja zidzachepetsa kupezeka kwa tungsten ku China kumisika yapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zitha kusokoneza masikelo omwe amafunikira kwanthawi yayitali ndikukweza mitengo yapadziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chofuna kutsika kwa mitsinje. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kuwongolera kumeneku kudzalimbikitsa kukweza kwa mafakitale, kulimbikitsa mabizinesi a R&D, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu, komanso kupanga zinthu zamtengo wapatali kuti zithandizire kukopa kwa China pamakampani a tungsten.
Global Tungsten Statistics
Malinga ndi USGS, nkhokwe za tungsten padziko lonse lapansi mu 2023 zinali pafupifupi matani 4.4 miliyoni, kukwera ndi 15.79% pachaka, pomwe China idawerengera 52.27% (matani 2.3 miliyoni). Kupanga tungsten padziko lonse lapansi kunali matani 78,000, kutsika ndi 2.26%, pomwe China idathandizira 80.77% (matani 63,000). Zambiri zamasitomu aku China zimawonetsa kutumizidwa kunja kosiyanasiyana kwa tungsten, kuphatikiza ore tungsten, tungstic acid, tungsten trioxide, tungsten carbides, ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za tungsten. Mu 2024, China idatumiza matani 782.41 a APT (kutsika ndi 2.53%, 4.06% yazogulitsa zonse), matani 3,189.96 a tungsten trioxide (mpaka 18.19%, 16.55% yazogulitsa zonse), ndi 4,146.76 matani 4.146.76 (2% ya tungsten 6%, 2% ya tungsten 6%. zonse zotumizidwa kunja).
CHENGDU HUAXIN CEMENTED CARBIDE CO., LTD ndi akatswiri ogulitsa ndikupanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi tungsten carbide, monga mipeni ya carbide yopangira matabwa, mipeni yozungulira ya carbide yafodya & ndodo zosefera za ndudu, mipeni yozungulira yoboola makatoni / mabala opukutira , tepi, kudula filimu woonda, masamba CHIKWANGWANI wodula makampani nsalu etc.
Ndi chitukuko cha zaka 25, katundu wathu wakhala zimagulitsidwa ku US A, Russia, South America, India, Turkey, Pakistan, Australia, Southeast Asia etc. Ndi khalidwe kwambiri ndi mitengo mpikisano, maganizo athu khama ntchito ndi kulabadira amavomerezedwa ndi makasitomala athu. Ndipo tikufuna kukhazikitsa ubale watsopano wamabizinesi ndi makasitomala atsopano.
Lumikizanani nafe lero ndipo mudzasangalala ndi zabwino komanso ntchito zabwino kuchokera kuzinthu zathu!
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-04-2025
