Mitengo yachilengedwe ndi zitsulo zakhala zofunikira zomangira anthu kwa zaka zikwi zambiri.Ma polima opangidwa omwe timawatcha kuti mapulasitiki ndi zinthu zaposachedwa zomwe zidaphulika m'zaka za zana la 20.
Zitsulo zonse ndi mapulasitiki zili ndi katundu woyenerera kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'mafakitale ndi malonda.Zitsulo zimakhala zamphamvu, zolimba, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolimba ku mpweya, madzi, kutentha, ndi kupsinjika maganizo nthawi zonse. kupanga ndi kuyeretsa katundu wawo.Pulasitiki imapereka zina mwa ntchito zachitsulo pamene ikufuna misala yochepa ndipo imakhala yotsika mtengo kwambiri kuti ipange.Makhalidwe awo akhoza kusinthidwa pafupifupi ntchito iliyonse. chinthu chabwino, ndipo palibe amene akufuna kukhala m'nyumba ya pulasitiki.
Muzinthu zina, matabwa achilengedwe amatha kupikisana ndi zitsulo ndi mapulasitiki.Nyumba zambiri za mabanja zimamangidwa pamatabwa.Vuto ndilokuti matabwa achilengedwe ndi ofewa kwambiri komanso amawonongeka mosavuta ndi madzi kuti alowe m'malo mwa pulasitiki ndi zitsulo nthawi zambiri. lofalitsidwa m'magazini ya Matter ikuyang'ana kulengedwa kwa zinthu zamatabwa zolimba zomwe zimagonjetsa zofooka izi.Kafukufukuyu anafika pachimake popanga mipeni yamatabwa ndi misomali.Kodi mpeni wamatabwa ndi wabwino bwanji ndipo mudzaugwiritsa ntchito posachedwa?
Mapangidwe a matabwa a nkhuni amakhala pafupifupi 50% ya cellulose, polima yachilengedwe yokhala ndi mphamvu zomveka bwino. Theka lotsala la matabwa limapangidwa makamaka ndi lignin ndi hemicellulose. mphamvu, hemicellulose ali ndi dongosolo logwirizana pang'ono ndipo motero sichimathandiza chilichonse ku mphamvu ya nkhuni. chopinga.
Mu phunziro ili, matabwa achilengedwe anapangidwa kukhala matabwa olimba (HW) m'masitepe anayi. Choyamba, nkhunizo zimaphika mu sodium hydroxide ndi sodium sulfate kuchotsa ena a hemicellulose ndi lignin. Pambuyo pa mankhwalawa, nkhunizo zimakhala zowawa kwambiri mwa kukanikiza. Izi zimachepetsa mipata yachilengedwe kapena pores mu nkhuni ndikuwonjezera mgwirizano wa mankhwala pakati pa ulusi wa cellulose woyandikana nawo. Kenako, nkhunizo zimapanikizidwa pa 105 ° C (221 ° F) kwa zina zingapo. maola kumaliza kachulukidwe, ndiyeno zouma.Potsiriza, nkhuni kumizidwa mu mchere mafuta kwa maola 48 kuti chomalizidwa madzi.
Katundu wina wamakina wa zinthu zomangika ndi kuuma kwa indentation, komwe ndi muyeso wa kuthekera kwake kukana kupunduka pofinyidwa ndi mphamvu.Diamondi ndizovuta kuposa chitsulo, zolimba kuposa golide, zolimba kuposa matabwa, komanso zolimba kuposa kunyamula thovu. mayesero omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire kuuma, monga kuuma kwa Mohs komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu gemology, mayeso a Brinell ndi amodzi mwa iwo. indentation yopangidwa ndi mpira.The Brinell hardness value imawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito masamu;kunena mosapita m'mbali, bowo lomwe mpira umagunda likakulirakulira, ndiye kuti zinthuzo zimakhala zofewa. Pachiyeso ichi, HW imakhala yolimba ka 23 kuposa mitengo yachilengedwe.
Mitengo yambiri yachilengedwe yosasamalidwa idzatenga madzi.Izi zimatha kukulitsa nkhunizo ndipo potsirizira pake zimawononga mapangidwe ake.Olembawo adagwiritsa ntchito mchere wa masiku awiri kuti awonjezere kukana kwa madzi a HW, ndikupangitsa kuti hydrophobic ("kuopa madzi"). Kuyeza kwa hydrophobicity kumaphatikizapo kuyika dontho la madzi pamtunda.Pamene pali hydrophobic pamwamba, madontho amadzi amakhala ozungulira kwambiri. imatenga madzi mosavuta) .Choncho, kusungunuka kwa mchere sikungowonjezera kwambiri hydrophobicity ya HW, komanso kumalepheretsa nkhuni kuti zisatenge chinyezi.
M'mayeso ena a uinjiniya, mipeni ya HW idachita bwinoko pang'ono kuposa mipeni yachitsulo.Olembawo amati mpeni wa HW ndi wakuthwa kuwirikiza katatu ngati mpeni wopezeka pamalonda. Olembawo akuwonetsa kanema wa mpeni wawo ukudula nyama, koma munthu wamkulu wamphamvu akhoza kudula nyama yomweyo ndi mbali yosalala ya foloko yachitsulo, ndipo mpeni wa nyama ukhoza kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.
Nanga misomali ija? Msomali umodzi wa HW ukhoza kukhomedwa mosavuta mu mulu wa matabwa atatu, ngakhale kuti sunafotokoze mwatsatanetsatane chifukwa ndi wosavuta kuyerekeza ndi misomali yachitsulo. Zikhomo zamatabwa zimatha kugwirizanitsa matabwawo, kukana mphamvu yomwe ingang'ambe. Iwo motalikirana, ndi kulimba kofanana ndi zikhomo zachitsulo. M'mayesero awo, komabe, matabwa muzochitika zonsezi analephera pamaso pa misomali inalephera, kotero misomali yolimbayo sinawonekere.
Kodi misomali ya HW ili bwino m'njira zina? Zikhomo zamatabwa zimakhala zopepuka, koma kulemera kwake sikumayendetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zikhomo zomwe zimagwirizanitsa. Zikhomo zamatabwa sizichita dzimbiri. biodecompose.
Palibe kukayikira kuti wolembayo wapanga njira yopangira nkhuni zolimba kuposa matabwa achilengedwe.Komabe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa hardware pa ntchito ina iliyonse kumafuna kuphunzira kwina.Kodi zingakhale zotsika mtengo komanso zopanda zinthu monga pulasitiki?Kodi ingapikisane ndi amphamvu kwambiri? , zinthu zachitsulo zowoneka bwino, zogwiritsidwanso ntchito mopanda malire?Kafukufuku wawo amadzutsa mafunso osangalatsa.Umisiri wopitilira (ndipo potsirizira pake msika) udzawayankha.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-13-2022
